Table 1. T2DM Echocardiographic Measurements.
| Conventional Echocardiographic Assessment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | T2DM | mtHsp70 | mtHsp70 T2DM | |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 523.3 ± 16.5 | 430.3 ± 16.6* | 500.3 ± 9.3 | 459.9 ± 38.8 |
| Stroke Volume (μL) | 27.3 ± 3.7 | 28.3 ± 2.8 | 27.9 ± 1.8 | 35.3 ± 4.7 |
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 77.6 ± 1.7 | 65.4 ± 1.7* † ¥ | 82.7 ± 1.5 | 82.9 ± 2.3 |
| Fractional Shortening (%) | 42.3 ± 1.6 | 35.0 ± 1.3* † ¥ | 50.4 ± 1.7 | 50.9 ± 2.4 |
| Cardiac Output (mL/min) | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 1.2 | 13.9 ± 0.8 | 16.0 ± 2.0 |
| Diameter;systole (mm) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1† | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 |
| Diameter;diastole (mm) | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.2 |
| Volume;systole (μL) | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 15.7 ± 2.3* † | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 8.0 ± 2.3 |
| Volume;diastole (μL) | 30.8 ± 5.4 | 44.0 ± 4.9 | 33.8 ± 2.3 | 43.3 ± 7.0 |
| Speckle-tracking Based Strain Echocardiographic Assessment | ||||
| Longitudinal Strain (%) | -18.2 ± 0.8 | -13.97 ± 1.0* ¥ | -17.69 ± 1.6 | -17.68 ± 1.0 |
| Posterior Base (%) | -18.4 ± 2.4 | -10.5 ± 1.8* ¥ | -14.4 ± 3.5 | -19.5 ± 3.1 |
| Posterior Mid (%) | -13.8 ± 1.8 | -19.0 ± 1.6 | -20.0 ± 4.3 | -15.8 ± 2.4 |
| Posterior Apex (%) | -33.3 ± 2.5 | -22.6 ± 3.0* ¥ | -28.4 ± 3.4 | -34.4 ± 2.2 |
| Anterior Base (%) | -20.0 ± 2.7 | -18.2 ± 3.0 | -19.0 ± 2.3 | -20.5 ± 4.6 |
| Anterior Mid (%) | -16.6 ± 1.0 | -12.3 ± 1.5* † | -17.9 ± 2.0 | -15.6 ± 2.0 |
| Anterior Apex (%) | -23.0 ± 1.9 | -20.1 ± 1.2 | -24.8 ± 3.3 | -17.8 ± 1.4 |
| Longitudinal Strain Rate (1/s) | -7.2 ± 0.7 | -4.77 ± 0.3* † ¥ | -6.43 ± 0.6 | -6.79 ± 0.6 |
| Posterior Base (1/s) | -10.0 ± 1.2 | -7.1 ± 0.6* † ¥ | -10.4 ± 1.5 | -11.8 ± 1.1 |
| Posterior Mid (1/s) | -7.1 ± 0.7 | -8.3 ± 0.7 | -10.0 ± 1.7 | -7.7 ± 0.5 |
| Posterior Apex (1/s) | -15.5 ± 2.1 | -8.2 ± 0.7* ¥ | -12.1 ± 1.9 | -14.0 ± 1.7 |
| Anterior Base (1/s) | -13.8 ± 1.9 | -7.4 ± 1.0* † | -12.5 ± 1.6 | -9.3 ± 0.7 |
| Anterior Mid (1/s) | -9.3 ± 0.6 | -5.4 ± 0.6* † ¥ | -9.8 ± 0.9 | -8.0 ± 0.7 |
| Anterior Apex (1/s) | -10.8 ± 1.0 | -7.7 ± 0.7* | -9.3 ± 1.3 | -8.5 ± 0.4 |
Values are shown as mean±SEM. N = 8 per group.
*
P<0.05 Control versus T2DM animals;
†
P<0.05 T2DM versus mtHsp70 animals;
¥
P<0.05 T2DM versus mtHsp70 T2DM animals. 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's. Multiple