Table 1.

Summary of drug therapy and combinations used for the treatment of IBD.

	Drug type	Target effect	Disease condition	Effective	Reference
Antimicrobials	Penicillin’s, Cephalosporin’s Vancomycin	peptidoglycan biosynthesis – cell wall inhibition	IBD	No	Alcedo et al., 2016 Dubuisson et al., 2010
	Clarithromycin Azithromycin	macrolide protein synthesis inhibitors	IBD	Yes
	Ethambutol	cell metabolism	IBD	Yes
	Rifamycin	inhibits RNA synthesis	IBD	Yes
Antimicrobials	Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolone	inhibition of DNA gyrase	CD	Varied results	Lal and Steinhart, 2006
Anti-parasitic	Metronidazole	inhibits nucleic acid synthesis	CD	47% remission rate in patients	Prantera et al., 1996
Steroid	Methylprednisolone	Anti-inflammatory	CD	68% remission of patients	Prantera et al., 1996
Steroid and antimicrobial combination	Clarithromycin Rifabutin, Clofazimine and 16-week course of corticosteroids	Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory	CD	Yes	Selby et al., 2007
Antimicrobial	Clarithromycin, Rifabutin, Ciprofloxacin, UVBI therapy and Clofazimine	Antimicrobial	CD	Yes	Kuenstner et al., 2015