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. 2016 Aug 12;5(8):e16133. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2016.133

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Copyright © 2016 CIOMP.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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PWB by the 3D DLW lithography approach^{121, 122}. (a) A principal scheme of the PWB enabling connection of an SOI chip with an optical fiber. (b) A four-core optical fiber coupled with SOI waveguides by tapered photonic wires. (c) An integrated chip with two SOI waveguides coupled together via freeform PWB; note a spatial (lateral) displacement of the SOI waveguides on the separate chips. (d) An example of 3D PWB capability enabling virtually direct signal transferring through different communication platforms. Images courtesy of Prof. C. Koos. (2015) IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Ref. 122.