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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2018 Feb 7;10(427):eaan5372. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5372

Fig. 3. Sham surgical procedures used for IAF modeling cause indications of PTOA by 12 months after ORIF.

Fig. 3

(A) Representative images of the loaded portion of the porcine medial tibia stained for proteoglycan content via safranin O 12 months after fracture (n = 6 for sham, n = 6 for ORIF, n = 7 for ORIF + amobarbital). Images are a composite of 20X scans across the entire anterior-posterior length of the surface. Scale bar, 2 mm. (B) Semiautomated Mankin scoring of the loaded areas of the porcine medial tibia spanning both the anterior and posterior segments, with maximum and average values given [n same as in (A); all P > 0.05 versus sham as indicated by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s posttest]. (C) Representative images of the loaded portions of the porcine medial talus stained for proteoglycan content via safranin O 12 months after fracture [n same as in (A)]. Images are a composite of 20X scans across either the anterior or posterior (samples cut in half for staining) length of the talus. Scale bar, 2 mm. (D) Semiautomated Mankin scoring of the loaded areas of the porcine medial talus spanning both the anterior and posterior segments, with maximum and average values given [n same as in (A)]. (E) Synovial thickness measured from the posterior portion of the capsule at 6 and 12 months [n as indicated in Fig. 2 or in (A) for 6 and 12 months, respectively; * P < 0.05 versus normal via two way ANOVA with Dunnett’s posttest]. (F) Subchondral bone thickness at 6 months from micrographs used for Fig. 2 (n as indicated in Fig. 2, no significant difference found via two way ANOVA with Dunnett’s posttest). Data represent the mean with SD shown.