Histological features of the fracture site in AFF patients. Periosteal callus (c) was formed across the fracture gap, which contained some amorphous materials indicated by oblique arrows. AFF = atypical femoral fracture. Note. From “Histology of 8 atypical femoral fractures: remodeling but no healing,” by J. Schilcher et al, 2014, Acta Orthopaedica, 85, p. 280–6. Copyright 2014, Nordic Orthopaedic Federation. Reprinted with permission.