Table 2.
Psychological distress in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, (mean ± SD)
| Total (N = 552) | History of cardiac disease (n = 188) | No history of cardiac disease (n = 360) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Somatization | ||||
| PHQ-15 total score | 10.0 ± 5.4 | 10.8 ± 5.6 | 9.5 ± 5.2 | 0.007 |
| Fear of body sensations | ||||
| BSQ total score | 31.4 ± 12.1 | 31.5 ± 12.9 | 31.3 ± 11.7 | 0.837 |
| Cardiac anxiety | ||||
| CAQ total score | 24.6 ± 13.0 | 28.2 ± 14.5 | 22.7 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
| - Fear mean score | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.010 |
| - Avoidance mean score | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| - Heart-focused attention mean score | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.017 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| PHQ-9 total score | 6.4 ± 5.9 | 7.4 ± 6.6 | 5.8 ± 5.4 | 0.002 |
BSQ Body Sensations Questionnaire, CAQ Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-15 Patient Health Questionnaire-15