Fig. 1.

Expressed emotion task design. a) Participants saw a fixation cross for a 20-s inter-trial interval before listening to 20-s audio clips that were critical, neutral or praising. Participants then paused for 6 s before providing ratings on a 5-point scale (1 = very positive, 5 = very negative) for 4 s. b) Example comments for each condition of the expressed emotion task.