Table 2.

Summary self-report and clinician-report measures used in the study.

Self-report and Clinician Report Measures
RAHC-GAF	The Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children Global Assessment of Function (RAHC-GAF) is the DSM-IV-TR GAF modified to include functional impairment secondary to physical illness (AmericanPsychiatric, 2000). The scale has 100 points and 10 categories (10 points each). Healthy controls fall into the upper two brackets “superior in all areas (score 91–100) or “good in all areas (score 81–90). Lower values (and brackets) mark functional impairment of increasing severity. Patients with physical or psychological impairment fall into the lower brackets (score < 81).
Spot-the-word test (IQ estimate)	The spot-the-word test is an IQ estimate. Subjects are presented with pairs of items comprising one word and one non-word, and requiring the subject to identify the word (Baddeley et al., 1993; Hatch et al., 2010). Performance correlates highly with verbal intelligence and in adult's correlates with performance on the National Adult Reading Test (NART).
DASS-21	The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales are in paediatric populations is a validated measure of perceived distress in paediatric populations (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995; Patrick et al., 2010).
ELSQ	The early life stress questionnaire (ELSQ) is a checklist of 19 stress items—and an option for elaboration—based on the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale (Cohen et al., 2006). Twelve items pertained to stress from repeated relational stressors including: bullying; physical abuse; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; neglect; parental separation; loss by separation; loss by death; family conflict; severe illness of a family member; domestic violence; repeated illness/hospitalizations and other. Other items pertain to birth complications, war trauma, natural disasters and life threatening illness. Participants record if they have or have not experienced the given stressor and the age period during which the stressor has been experienced.