Table 1.
Clinical data.
| ID | Sex | Age | Handedness | Stroke | Stroke location | Initial NIHSS | Initial grip force | Initial NHP | Initial UEFM | TAS (days) | Residual grip force | Residual NHP | Residual UEFM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 62 | Right | Left | CI, CR | 3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 37 | 95 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 62 |
| 2 | F | 49 | Right | Left | CI, CR, BG, INS | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 168 | 0.12 | 0 | 13 |
| 3 | M | 68 | Left | Right | CI, CR, BG, INS | 3 | 0.5 | 0 | 62 | 117 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 62 |
| 4 | F | 68 | Right | Right | PON | 5 | 0.6 | 0.55 | 61 | 102 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 62 |
| 5 | M | 70 | Right | Right | CR | 1 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 62 | 90 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 65 |
| 6 | M | 65 | Right | Left | CI, CR, INS | 3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 65 | 104 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 66 |
| 7 | F | 73 | Right | Right | CI, CR, BG | 3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 62 | 124 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 65 |
| 8 | M | 58 | Right | Right | PON | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 146 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 58 |
| 9 | M | 53 | Right | Left | MED | 4 | 0.53 | 0.81 | 62 | 89 | 0.8 | 0.95 | 66 |
| 10 | M | 73 | Right | Left | CI, CR | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 116 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| 11 | M | 50 | Right | Right | CI, BG, INS, MFG | 7 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 85 | 0.72 | 0.63 | 60 |
| 12 | M | 70 | Right | Right | CR | 0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 65 | 100 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 66 |
| 13 | M | 53 | Right | Right | CI, BG | 4 | 0.80 | 0.7 | 65 | 92 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 66 |
| 14 | F | 81 | Right | Right | CR | 1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 65 | 90 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 66 |
| 15 | F | 78 | Right | Left | CR | 5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 65 | 99 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 64 |
| 16 | F | 55 | Right | Right | PRC | 1 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 63 | 96 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 65 |
| 17 | M | 48 | Right | Left | CR, SPL, MFG | 3 | 0.53 | 0.24 | 56 | 97 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 66 |
| 18 | M | 63 | Right | Left | CR | 3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 42 | 101 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 63 |
| 19 | F | 70 | Right | Right | CR, BG, INS | 5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 56 | 96 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 58 |
| 20 | F | 85 | Right | Right | CR, INS | 7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 90 | 0.35 | 0 | 40 |
| 21 | M | 81 | Right | Left | PONS | 4 | 0.53 | 0 | 25 | 90 | 1.08 | 1 | 64 |
| 22 | M | 44 | Right | LEFT | CR, PRC, MFG, SFG, POC, LOC, MTG, ITG, STG | 8 | 0.84 | 0.33 | 61 | 103 | 0.97 | 0.75 | 66 |
| 23 | F | 78 | Right | LEFT | CI, BG | 0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 66 | 116 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 66 |
| 24 | F | 47 | Right | Right | BG, CI, FP, CR, PRC, SPL, POC, PREC, SFG, LOG | 2 | 0.11 | 0 | 32 | 93 | 0.69 | 0.56 | 66 |
| 25 | M | 53 | Right | Left | BG, CI | 5 | 0.68 | 0.41 | 41 | 93 | 1.19 | 1 | 64 |
| 26 | M | 80 | Right | Left | CR | 4 | 0.62 | 0 | 57 | 106 | 0.82 | 0.69 | 65 |
| 27 | M | 76 | Right | Left | PONS | 5 | 0.15 | 0 | 26 | 108 | 1.14 | 0.96 | 66 |
| 28 | M | 55 | Right | Left | BG, CI, CR | 0 | 0.9 | 1 | 66 | 100 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 66 |
| 29 | M | 48 | Right | Left | BG, CI CR, STG, INS | 7 | 0.78 | 0 | 43 | 94 | 1.14 | 0.8 | 65 |
| 30 | F | 87 | Right | Left | CR | 1 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 117 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 64 |
| Mean ± std | 19 M, 11 F | 65 ± 13 | 29 R, 1 L | 13 R, 17 L | 4 ± 3 | 0.5 ± 0.34 | 0.36 ± 0.36 | 46 ± 21 | 104 ± 17 | 0.84 ± 0.3 | 0.77 ± 0.3 | 60 ± 13.5 |
Age is given in years. Grip force and NHP values are given in proportional values (affected/unaffected hand). Initial NIHSS, grip force and NHP taken 3–5 days post stroke. Residual NIHSS, grip force and NHP after passage of TAS, time after stroke in days. BG indicates basal ganglia; CI, internal capsule; CR, corona radiata; F, female; frontal pole, FP; INS, insula; inferior temporal gyrus, ITG; lateral occipital cortex, LOC; L, left; M, male; medulla oblongata, MED; middle frontal gyrus, MFG; middle temporal gyrus, MTG; NHP, Nine-Hole Peg Test performance; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; PON, pons; postcentral gyrus, POC; PRC, precentral gyrus; precuneus, PRE; R, right; superior frontal gyrus, SFG; superior parietal lobule, SPL; superior temporal gyrus, STG; and UEFM, upper extremity Fugl–Meyer score.