Table 1.
Description of characteristics of all-cause mortality by sex and survival status.
| Baseline | Follow-up | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Sig.a | Men | Women | |||||
| Alive | Dead | Sig.a | Alive | Dead | Sig.a | ||||
| Average age (SD) | 63.69 (9.00) | 63.44 (9.32) | * | 63.10 (8.64) | 72.27 (9.63) | ††† | 63.03 (9.04) | 73.41 (10.46) | ††† |
| Average height (SD) | 174.33 (7.33) | 162.77 (6.58) | *** | 174.46 (7.31) | 172.41 (7.45) | ††† | 162.83 (6.57) | 161.22 (6.78) | ††† |
| Median grip strength (IQR) | 45.00 (13.00) | 27.00 (9.00) | *** | 45.00 (13.00) | 36.00 (13.50) | ††† | 27.00 (9.00) | 22.00 (10.00) | †† |
| Median percent change in grip strength (IQR) | −1.24 (7.86) | 0.00 (10.29) | *** | −1.16 (7.74) | −2.58 (10.37) | ††† | 0.00 (10.19) | −1.78 (12.42) | ††† |
| Smokerb | *** | ††† | ††† | ||||||
| % current smoker | 21.35 | 15.36 | 20.97 | 46.99 | 15.35 | 15.88 | |||
| % ex-smoker | 35.12 | 64.67 | 35.74 | 26.81 | 64.5 | 15.45 | |||
| Regionc | †† | †† | |||||||
| % northern | 20.43 | 19.62 | 20.09 | 25.30 | 19.33 | 26.61 | |||
| % southern | 19.10 | 19.87 | 18.88 | 22.29 | 19.77 | 22.32 | |||
| Presence of | |||||||||
| % obesity | 16.70 | 18.27 | * | 16.44 | 20.48 | 18.07 | 23.18 | † | |
| % hypertension | 29.40 | 32.98 | *** | 29.23 | 31.93 | 32.61 | 42.06 | †† | |
| % diabetes | 9.56 | 7.71 | *** | 9.10 | 16.27 | ††† | 7.47 | 13.73 | ††† |
| % cholesterol | 21.44 | 21.38 | 21.61 | 18.98 | 21.45 | 19.74 | |||
| % CLD | 5.44 | 4.50 | * | 4.84 | 14.16 | ††† | 4.12 | 13.73 | ††† |
| % arthritis | 13.81 | 24.88 | *** | 13.48 | 18.67 | †† | 24.67 | 30.04 | |
| % osteoporosis | 1.52 | 11.50 | *** | 1.40 | 3.31 | †† | 11.57 | 9.87 | |
| % cancer | 4.59 | 6.41 | *** | 4.24 | 9.64 | ††† | 6.15 | 12.88 | ††† |
| % hip fracture | 1.68 | 1.62 | 1.50 | 4.22 | ††† | 1.53 | 3.86 | †† | |
| % heart attack | 14.63 | 8.29 | *** | 13.56 | 30.12 | ††† | 7.98 | 15.88 | ††† |
| % stroke | 3.38 | 2.96 | 2.98 | 9.04 | ††† | 2.80 | 6.87 | ††† | |
| Unweighted cases | 5125 | 5912 | 4793 | 332 | 5679 | 233 | |||
Abbreviations: CLD, chronic disease; GS, grip strength; IQR, Interquartile range; Sig, significance.
a
Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. *, **, and *** denote significant differences between sexes (baseline) under P < .10, P < .05, and P < .01, respectively. †, ††, and ††† denote significant differences between mortality status (follow-up) under P < .10, P < .05, and P < .01, respectively.
b
Non-smoker is an omitted category.
c
Western is an omitted category.
**
is provided to show a complete picture of all levels of significance adopted in the analyses.