. 2016 Jan 27;12(3):575–583. doi: 10.1177/1557988315627139

Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Semen Quality and the Level of Reproductive Hormones Among Men With Different Dietary Patterns.

Semen quality parameters and level of reproductive hormones	Dietary patterns
	Mixed^a			Prudent^a
	Estimate	95% Confidence interval	p	Estimate	95% Confidence interval	p
Sperm concentration (mln/ml) crude	−5.97	[−16.10, 4.15]	.25	0.08	[0.02, 57, 0.78]	.04
Sperm concentration (mln/ml) adjusted	0.05	[−0.26, 0.36]	.76	0.05	[0.02, 0.99]	.05
% Motility crude	−3.02	[−8.43, 2.39]	.28	1.18	[−6.51, 4.15]	.67
% Motility	−2.72	[−8.11, 2.68]	.32	0.76	[−6.18, 4.67]	.79
% of sperm with abnormal morphology crude	−2.65	[−9.50, 4.21]	.45	−0.37	[−7.04, 6.30]	.91
% of sperm with abnormal morphology	−2.13	[−8.96, 4.69]	.54	0.06	[−6.75, 6.68]	.99
VAP	−1.62	[−4.54, 1.29]	.28	−2.04	[−4.90, 0.82]	.16
VAP	−1.06	[−4.00, 1.88]	.48	−1.18	[−4.13, 1.78]	.44
VSL crude	−0.61	[−1.55, 0.33]	.20	−0.31	[−1.23, 0.61]	.51
VSL	−0.39	[−1.32, 0.55]	.42	−0.02	[−0.96, 0.92]	.97
VCL crude	−0.01	[−0.20, 0.18]	.89	−0.12	[−0.31, 0.06]	.19
VCL	−0.01	[−0.20, 0.18]	.90	−0.11	[−0.30, 0.08]	.26
LIN crude	−0.26	[−2.01, 1.50]	.77	0.92	[−0.80, 2.63]	.30
LIN	0.00	[−1.76, 1.76]	1.00	1.06	[−0.70, 2.82]	.24
DFI crude	0.05	[−0.13, 0.24]	.56	−0.03	[−0.04, 0.02]	.05
DFI	0.05	[−0.14, 0.24]	.58	−0.03	[−0.04, 0.01]	.05
HDS crude	−0.06	[−0.20, 0.07]	.35	−0.05	[−0.19, 0.08]	.42
HDS	−0.05	[−0.18, 0.09]	.50	0.00	[−0.13, 0.14]	.96
FSH crude	0.35	[−0.16, 0.86]	.17	0.22	[−0.29, 0.74]	.39
FSH	0.07	[−0.08, 0.22]	.35	0.06	[−0.09, 0.21]	.43
Estradiol crude	0.44	[−1.94, 2.82]	.72	−0.09	[−2.39, 2.20]	.94
Estradiol	−0.07	[−2.48, 2.34]	.95	−0.83	[−3.23, 1.56]	.50
Testosterone crude	−0.35	[−0.83, 0.13]	.16	0.36	[0.36, 0.84]	.01
Testosterone	−0.35	[−0.83, 0.13]	.15	0.36	[0.37, 0.13]	.03

Note. VAP = average path velocity; VSL = straight-line velocity; VCL = curvilinear velocity; LIN = linearity; DFI = DNA fragmentation index; HDS = high DNA stainability; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone.

Reference group: Western dietary pattern. Boldface-statistically significant values