Effects of pretreatment with βCCT (α1GABAA-preferring antagonist) and flumazenil (“flum,” nonselective benzodiazepine-site antagonist) on sedative behaviors induced by selective compounds. Top panel: Rest/sleep posture induced by HZ-166 (functionally selective α2/3GABAA allosteric modulator) was blocked by flumazenil (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) but not the highest dose of βCCT tested (3.0 mg/kg, i.v.); bottom panel: Deep sedation induced by zolpidem (α1GABAA-preferring allosteric modulator) was blocked by both flumazenil and the highest dose of βCCT tested. Note that *P ≤ 0.05 vs. HZ-166 or zolpidem alone, Bonferroni t tests, n = 4 monkeys.