TABLE 3.

Effects of genetic mutation or deletion of FAAH gene and of FAAH inhibitors on alcohol-related behaviors

Subjects	Sex	Model	Effect	Reference
FAAH KO	Male, female	2-Bottle choice (24 h, 12%–20%)	Increase (intake and preference), with sex difference	Basavarajappa et al. (2006)
FAAH KO	Male, female	[1] 2-Bottle choice (24 h, 3%–15%);	[1] Increase (intake and preference, with sex difference;	Blednov et al. (2007)
		[2] CPP	[2] No effect
FAAH KO mice	Male, female	2-Bottle choice (24 h, 3%–12%)	Increase (intake and preference by systemic (i.p.) URB597, with sex difference	Blednov et al. (2007)
C57Bl/6J mice	Male, female	[1] 1-Bottle (4 h, 15%) in DID for 3 wk;	Decrease (intake and preference) by systemic (i.p.) URB597 in IA and ADE (but not DID) models, with no sex difference	Zhou et al. (2017d)
		[2] 2-Bottle choice (24 h, every other day, 7.5%–30%) in IA;
		[3] ADE
Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats	Male	Operant self-administration (10%, 30 min)	Decrease (intake) by intracentral and basolateral amygdala URB597	Stopponi et al. (2018)
FAAH C385A Knock-in mice	Male	1-Bottle (4 h, 15%) in DID for 4 days and 2-bottle choice (4 h, 15% vs. water) on day 5	Increase (intake and preference)	Zhou et al. (2016)
Human FAAH C385A SNP	Male, female	2119 Patients	Association with street drug use and problem drug/alcohol use	Sipe et al. (2002)
Human FAAH C385A SNP	Male, female	1434 European Americans with AD diagnosis	Association with probability and severity of alcohol dependence	Sloan et al. (2018)

AD, alcohol dependence; KO, knockout; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphisms; URB597, FAAH inhibitor.