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. 2018 May 26;8(5):e020713. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020713

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APPLE COPD study flow chart. CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FVC, forced vital capacity; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PIC, patients’ identification centre; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.