Table 3.

HRs for the association between asthma and CVD, CHD and stroke mortality by sex in the MJ Health Check-up Programme, Taiwan

	N	CVD mortality					CHD mortality					Stroke mortality
		Cases (n)	Model 1		Model 2		Cases (n)	Model 1		Model 2		Cases (n)	Model 1		Model 2
			HR	(95% CI)	HR	95% CI		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Males
No asthma	211 176	1730	1.00		1.00		494	1.00		1.00		657	1.00		1.00
Asthma	8024	132	1.39	(1.16 to 1.66)	1.25	(1.04 to 1.49)	39	1.42	(1.02 to 1.97)	1.21	(0.87 to 1.67)	49	1.36	(1.02 to 1.82)	1.29	(0.96 to 1.72)
Non-active asthma (history only)	6130	50	0.96	(0.73 to 1.28)	0.90	(0.68 to 1.19)	18	1.21	(0.75 to 1.93)	1.08	(0.67 to 1.73)	20	1.02	(0.65 to 1.59)	1.00	(0.64 to 1.56)
Active asthma (current drug use)	1894	82	1.91	(1.53 to 2.38)	1.63	(1.30 to 2.04)	21	1.67	(1.08 to 2.59)	1.34	(0.86 to 2.08)	29	1.77	(1.22 to 2.57)	1.62	(1.11 to 2.35)
Females
No asthma	220 253	1033	1.00		1.00		236	1.00		1.00		421	1.00		1.00
Asthma	6893	50	1.04	(0.78 to 1.38)	0.88	(0.66 to 1.17)	11	0.97	(0.53 to 1.78)	0.82	(0.44 to 1.51)	19	0.98	(0.62 to 1.56)	0.89	(0.56 to 1.42)
Non-active asthma (history only)	5473	34	1.17	(0.83 to 1.65)	1.05	(0.74 to 1.48)	7	1.05	(0.49 to 2.22)	0.93	(0.44 to 1.99)	15	1.28	(0.77 to 2.14)	1.21	(0.72 to 2.03)
Active asthma (current drug use)	1420	16	0.83	(0.51 to 1.36)	0.65	(0.40 to 1.07)	4	0.86	(0.32 to 2.32)	0.67	(0.25 to 1.81)	4	0.52	(0.20 to 1.40)	0.45	(0.17 to 1.20)
Sex interaction p
Asthma (yes/no)			0.19		0.10			0.40		0.27			0.33		0.29
Asthma (no, history only, history and drugs)			0.012		0.005			0.62		0.42			0.043		0.032

Model 1: adjust for age.

Model 2: adjust for age, education, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, history of heart disease/heart surgery/use of heart drugs and history of stroke.

CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio.