Table 3.
Least square means and 95% of CI for the left ventricular function indices according to problem and/or binge drinking* and quantity of alcohol consumption
| LV functional and structural indices | Participants without problem and/or binge drinking | Participants with problem and/or binge drinking | ||
| Mean* | 95% CI | Mean* | 95% CI | |
| Mitral annular excursion (cm) | n=717 | n=394 | ||
| Non-drinker | 1.60 | 1.46 to 1.73 | 1.60 | 1.46 to 1.73 |
| ≥0.5 and ≤3 drinks/week | 1.61 | 1.57 to 1.64 | 1.61 | 1.57 to 1.64 |
| >3 and ≤7 drinks/week | 1.62 | 1.58 to 1.67 | 1.62 | 1.58 to 1.67 |
| >7 drinks/week | 1.61 | 1.53 to 1.68 | 1.61 | 1.53 to 1.68 |
| P values (linear) | 0.97 | 0.85 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.87 | 0.78 | ||
| Global longitudinal strain (%) | n=735 | n=404 | ||
| Non-drinker | −16.6 | −17.3 to –16.0 | −17.3 | −18.6 to 16.0 |
| ≥0.5 and ≤3 drinks/week | −16.8 | −17.2 to –16.6 | −16.6 | −17.0 to 16.3 |
| >3 and ≤7 drinks/week | −16.4 | −17.0 to –15.9 | −16.7 | −17.2 to 16.4 |
| >7 drinks/week | −16.8 | −18.2 to –15.4 | −16.6 | −17.3 to 15.9 |
| P values (linear) | 0.943 | 0.41 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.839 | 0.59 | ||
| Global longitudinal strain rate (/s) | n=727 | n=399 | ||
| Non-drinker | −0.99 | −1.02 to –0.95 | −1.03 | −1.11 to 0.95 |
| ≥0.5 and ≤3 drinks/week | −1.03 | −1.04 to –1.02 | −1.04 | −1.06 to 1.02 |
| >3 and ≤7 drinks/week | −1.04 | −1.07 to –1.01 | −1.05 | −1.07 to 1.02 |
| >7 drinks/week | −1.02 | −1.10 to –0.95 | −1.02 | −1.06 to 0.97 |
| P values (linear) | 0.348 | 0.83 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.166 | 0.39 | ||
| e’ (cm/s) | n=580 | n=403 | ||
| Non-drinker | 11.1 | 10.4 to 12.0 | 12.1 | 10.4 to 13.9 |
| >=0.5 and <=3 drinks/week | 11.1 | 10.8 to 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.9 to 11.7 |
| >3 and <=7 drinks/week | 11.5 | 10.8 to 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.2 to 12.2 |
| >7 drinks/week | 12.5 | 10.7 to 14.2 | 11.5 | 10.5 to 12.4 |
| P values (linear) | 0.15 | 0.60 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.37 | 0.56 | ||
| S’ (cm/s) | n=580 | n=403 | ||
| Non-drinker | 8.49 | 8.14 to 8.85 | 8.16 | 7.41 to 8.91 |
| ≥0.5 and ≤3 drinks/week | 8.39 | 8.26 to 8.52 | 8.43 | 8.25 to 8.62 |
| >3 and ≤7 drinks/week | 8.54 | 8.25 to 8.82 | 8.42 | 8.18 to 8.65 |
| >7 drinks/week | 9.32 | 9.32 to 10.09 | 8.38 | 7.96 to 8.81 |
| P values (linear) | 0.05 | 0.63 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.05 | 0.52 | ||
| LV mass per BSA (gr/m2)† | n=571 | n=403 | ||
| Non-drinker | 83.6 | 76.9 to 90.4 | 87.8 | 73.7 to 101.8 |
| ≥0.5 and ≤3 drinks/week | 83.7 | 81.3 to 86.2 | 88.8 | 85.5 to 92.1 |
| >3 and ≤7 drinks/week | 82.7 | 77.4 to 88.1 | 93.4 | 89.2 to 97.6 |
| >7 drinks/week | 80.4 | 66.1 to 94.7 | 100.88 | 93.3 to 108.4 |
| P values (linear) | 0.67 | 0.07 | ||
| P values (quadratic) | 0.78 | 0.46 | ||
Problem drinking was defined as having at least two positive answers on the CAGE questionnaire or reporting more than one binge drinking occasion during the last month.
*Adjusted for age, marital status, education, smoking, body mass index and physical activity.
†The P values for the test for interaction was <0.05.
BSA, body surface area; e’, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity; LV, left ventricular; S’, peak systolic mitral annular velocity.