Table 2.
Populations studied and corresponding outcomes
| Patient Population | (n) % | Corresponding Outcomes (most frequently cited)a |
(n) Valid % |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Surgical | (32) 17% | Anxiety | (22) 69% |
| Pain | (14) 44% | ||
| Vitalsb | (9) 28% | ||
| Sedation | (6)19% | ||
| Depressive Symptoms | (4) 13% | ||
| Satisfaction | (4) 13% | ||
| Stress | (4) 13% | ||
| Relaxation | (3) 9% | ||
| Otherc | (11) 34% | ||
|
| |||
| Alzheimer’s/Dementia | (26) 14% | Agitation | (11) 42% |
| Emotional State/Mood | (6) 23% | ||
| Quality of Life/Well-being | (6) 23% | ||
| Depressive Symptoms | (5) 19% | ||
| Cognitive Function | (5) 19% | ||
| Behavior State | (5) 19% | ||
| Anxiety | (4) 15% | ||
| Participation | (3) 12% | ||
| Communication | (3) 12% | ||
| Otherc | (9) 35% | ||
|
| |||
| Acute Mental Health | (21) 11% | Depressive Symptoms | (7) 33% |
| Other Disorder-Specific Symptoms | (4) 19% | ||
| Mood | (3) 14% | ||
| Anxiety | (3) 14% | ||
| Otherc | (16) 76% | ||
|
| |||
| Cancer | (18) 10% | Pain | (10) 56% |
| Anxiety | (9) 50% | ||
| Quality of Life/Well-being | (5) 28% | ||
| Vitalsb | (4) 22% | ||
| Relaxation | (3) 17% | ||
| Otherc | (17) 89% | ||
|
| |||
| Disease/Symptom Managementd | (13) 7% | Pain | (6) 46% |
| Anxiety | (5) 38% | ||
| Quality of Life/Well-being | (4) 31% | ||
| Vitalsb | (4) 31% | ||
| Depressive Symptoms | (3) 23% | ||
| Otherc | (9) 69% | ||
|
| |||
| Infants/NICU/PICU | (11) 6% | Vitalsb | (5) 45% |
| Behavioral State/Distress | (5) 45% | ||
| Otherc | (6) 55% | ||
|
| |||
| Brain/Spinal Cord & Neurological Disorders | (11) 6% | Mobility | (4) 36% |
| Quality of Life/Well-being | (4) 36% | ||
| Voice Quality | (3) 27% | ||
| Cognitive Function | (3) 27% | ||
| Otherc | (8) 73% | ||
|
| |||
| Heart, Lung, & Kidney | (10) 5% | Pain | (4) 40% |
| Anxiety | (3) 30% | ||
| Dyspnea | (3) 30% | ||
| Otherc | (10) 100% | ||
|
| |||
| Intensive Care Unit | (10) 5% | Sedation | (5) 60% |
| Anxiety | (4) 60% | ||
| Vitalsb | (3) 40% | ||
| Otherc | (7) 70% | ||
|
| |||
| Pregnancy/Labor & Delivery | (10) 5% | Pain | (6) 60% |
| Anxiety | (5) 50% | ||
| Otherc | (5) 50% | ||
|
| |||
| Acute Care/Hospitalization | (7) 4% | Pain | (5) 71% |
| Vitalsb | (4) 57% | ||
| Anxiety | (4) 57% | ||
| Mood | (3) 43% | ||
| Otherc | (4) 57% | ||
|
| |||
| Older Adults/Long-Term Care | (7) 4% | Depressive Symptoms | (4) 57% |
| Otherc | (7) 100% | ||
|
| |||
| Diagnosticse | (6) 3% | Pain | (5) 83% |
| Anxiety | (4) 66% | ||
| Satisfaction | (3) 50% | ||
| Otherc | (2) 33% | ||
|
| |||
| Emergency Room | (3) 2% | Anxiety | (2) 67% |
| Pain | (2) 67% | ||
| Otherc | (2) 67% | ||
|
| |||
| Tinnitus | (2) 1% | Tinnitus Severity | (2) 100% |
| Otherc | (2) 100% | ||
a
Specific outcomes are listed when measured in ≥ 3 studies (exception is Emergency Room and Tinnitus where we list outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies).
b
Vitals includes heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, oxygen saturation.
c
Other refers to the number of studies where investigators measured an outcome other than those listed in the table.
d
Patients’ care focused on disease/symptom management (e.g., fibromyalgia, diabetes, chronic pain).
e
Patients undergoing diagnostic procedures (e.g., colonoscopy, needle electromyography).