(A to E) Representative Western blotting of proteins in the Rac1 signaling pathway in somatosensory lysates (A) or synaptosomes (B to E) from 1-week-old male WT and Fmr1 KO mice (WT, n = 4 to 12;KO, n = 4 to 15). Data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ****P <0.0001. (F) Model depicting a mechanism by which loss of FMRP leads to increased Rac1 signaling, cofilin phosphorylation (a measure of inactivation), and actin polymerization.