Table 2.

IL-assisted whole-cell biocatalytic reactions

Reaction	Organism	Ref.
Biofuel production	Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scheffersomyces stipitis	(Arai et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2011; Frederix et al. 2016; Hashmi et al. 2017; Pérez de los Ríos et al. 2017)
Enantioselective reduction of ketones	Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula sp., Trigonopsis variabilis, Lactobacillus kefir, Acetobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Cryptococcus sp., Candida albicans, Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, Micrococcus luteus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichosporon capitatum, Rhodococcus erythropolis	(Howarth et al. 2001; Pfruender et al. 2004, 2006; Lou et al. 2006; Bräutigam et al. 2007; Hussain et al. 2007; Schroer et al. 2007; Zhang et al. 2008; Bräutigam et al. 2009; Lou et al. 2009a, b, c; Wang et al. 2009, 2013; Dennewald et al. 2011, 2012; Xiao et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2012; Silva et al. 2013; Zampieri et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2016b, 2017)
Hydrolysis of glycyrrhizin	Penicillium purpurogenum, Escherichia coli, Pichia pastoris	(Chen et al. 2012)
Enantioselective hydrolysis	Rhodotorula glutinis	(Matsumoto et al. 2014)
Enantioselective hydroxylation	Escherichia coli, Penicillium raistrickii, Aspergillus ochraceus, Rhizopus nigricans	(Cornmell et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2011; Mao et al. 2012, 2013)
Enantioselective sulfoxidation	Escherichia coli	(Gao et al. 2014)
Dehydrogenation	Arthrobacter simplex	(He et al. 2011)
C=C hydrogenation	Escherichia coli, Sporomusa termitida	(Lenourry et al. 2005; Castiglione et al. 2017)
Glycosylation	Escherichia coli	(Schmideder et al. 2016)
Nucleoside acylation	Pseudomonas fluorescens	(Yang et al. 2014)