Table 3.
Application of ILs in whole-cell biocatalysis by E.coli and S.cerevisiae
| Reaction | IL system | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli (recombinant) | ||
| Benzaldehyde, HCN → (S)-mandelic acid, (S)-mandeloamide | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 20% (v/v) [C4MPyr][NTf2] or [C4MIM][PF6]) | (Baum et al. 2012) |
| (R)-carvone → (2R,5R)-dihydrocarvone | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 20% (v/v) [C6MPyr][NTf2] or [C6MIM][PF6] or [C6Py][NTf2]) | (Castiglione et al. 2017) |
| 3-chloro-1-phenyl-1-propanone → (S)-3-chloro-1-phenyl-1-propanol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 20% (v/v) [C4MIM][NTf2]) | (Choi et al. 2011) |
| 4-chloroacetophenone → (R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol; ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate → ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate; phenacyl chloride → (S)-α-chloro-1-phenylethanol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 20% (v/v) [C4MIM][NTf2] or [C4MIM][PF6]) | (Bräutigam et al. 2007) |
| Toluene → toluene cis-glycol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 23% (v/v) [(C8)3C1N][NTf2] or [C14(C6)3P][NTf2]) | (Cornmell et al. 2008) |
| 2-Octanone → (R)-2-octanol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 20-70% (v/v) [C6MPyr][NTf2]) | (Bräutigam et al. 2009; Dennewald et al. 2011, 2012) |
| Biomass → limonene | Biomass pretreatment ([C2MIM][OAc]) | (Frederix et al. 2016) |
| Asymmetric sulfoxidation of sulfides | Two-phase system (aqueous phase: [C14(C6)3P][NTf2] = 10:1) | (Gao et al. 2014) |
| Geraniol → geranyl glucoside | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 5% (v/v) [C6Pyr][NTf2]) | (Schmideder et al. 2016) |
| 2,5-hexanedione → (2R,5R)-hexanediol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase - 5% (v/v) [C4MIM][NTf2]) | (Schroer et al. 2007) |
| Baeyer–Villiger bioconversion | Three-phase tank bioreactor (air – water – 5-20% (v/v) [C4MPyr][NTf2]) | (Melgarejo-Torres et al. 2011) |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | ||
| Biomass → ethanol | Biomass pretreatment ([C2MIM][OAc], [C4MIM][OAc]); as extraction phase ([(C8)3C1N][NTf2], [C14(C6)3P][Cl]) | (Ouellet et al. 2011; Hashmi et al. 2017; Pérez de los Ríos et al. 2017) |
| Ketone bioreduction | [C4MIM][PF6] : water system (10:1) | (Howarth et al. 2001) |
| Benzaldehyde, glucose → (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase +5% (v/v) [C4MIM][PF6]) | (Kandar et al. 2015) |
| Acetyltrimethylsilane → (S)-1-trimethylsilylethanol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase: [C4MIM][PF6] = 6:1 (v/v); aqueous phase +10% (v/v) [C4MIM][BF4] as co-solvent) | (Lou et al. 2006) |
| 4-chloroacetoacetate → (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate | Two-phase system (aqueous phase +20% (v/v) [C4MIM][PF6]) | (Pfruender et al. 2006) |
| L-phenylalanine → 2-phenylethanol | Two-phase system (aqueous phase +20% (v/v) [C4MIM][NTf2] or [C3MPy][NTf2] or [(C8)3C1N][NTf2]) | (Sendovski et al. 2010) |
| Reduction of (Z)-C6H5CH=CXC(=O)CH3 (X = Cl, Br) | Two-phase system (aqueous phase +0.5% (v/v) [C4MIM][PF6]) | (Zampieri et al. 2013) |