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. 2018 Jan 8;25(6):1174–1188. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0037-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon this article or a part thereof, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Increased detachment of telomeres from NE after Trf1 deletion. An increased number of telomeres were distributed at the inner site of nucleus in Stra8-Trf1^−/− spermatocytes compared with the control group. Paraffin sections from Trf1^Flox/Flox and Stra8-Trf1^−/− testes were immunostained with antibodies against SYCP3 (red), Tel-FISH (green), and Lamin B (gray). An increased number of telomere (FISH) signals was observed at the inner site of the nucleus and did not co-localize with the NE (Lamin B) signals. White arrowheads indicate the inner telomeres. Zyg zygotene spermatocytes, Pac pachytene spermatocytes. b The number of internal telomeres in Stra8-Trf1^−/− spermatocytes was increased compared with that of the control group. Zygotene to pachytene spermatocytes were counted for wild-type, whereas pachytene-like spermatocytes were counted for the Stra8-Trf1^−/− spermatocytes. Trf1^Flox/Flox, 1.17 ± 1.38; Stra8-Trf1^−/−, 9.56 ± 1.62. The numbers of internal telomere (FISH) foci are presented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01. c An increased number of telomeres were detached from NE in the Trf1-deficient spermatocytes. Electron micrographs showing telomeres (red arrowheads) and inner NE (white arrows) in the Trf1^Flox/Flox pachytene and Stra8-Trf1^−/− pachytene-like nuclei; asterisks indicate membrane vesicles. Schematic illustrations represent the structures. AP attachment plate, CH chromatin, NE nuclear envelope, SC synaptonemal complex.