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. 2018 Jan 8;25(6):1174–1188. doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0037-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon this article or a part thereof, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a Telomere fusions were detected in Speedy A^−/− chromosome spreads of spermatocytes. Speedy A^+/+ and Speedy A^−/− spreads were immunolabelled with antibodies against SYCP3 (red) and telomere FISH (green). Chromosome fusions are indicated by arrows and a schematic illustrations of the structures is shown. b The telomere numbers in WT, Speedy A^−/−, Cdk2^−/−, and Sun1^−/− knockout mice. The telomere numbers were decreased significantly in Speedy A^−/− and Cdk2^−/− spermatocytes, but increased in Sun1^−/− spermatocytes. The numbers of telomere (FISH) foci are presented as mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001. c Quantification of Tel-FISH signals in Speedy A^+/+ and Speedy A^−/− MEFs. Telomere numbers were counted and no significant changes were detected after Speedy A knockout. Speedy A^+/+, 90.25 ± 3.84; Speedy A^−/−, 94.13 ± 3.23. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. d TRF1 is still localized on telomeres in Speedy A^−/− spermatocytes. Speedy A^+/+ and Speedy A^−/− metaphase spreads were immunostained with Telomere FISH (red) and DAPI (blue). e Immunoblotting for telomere related proteins in Speedy A^−/− spermatocytes. SUN1 and TRF1 in Speedy A^−/− spermatocytes remained unchanged; β-Actin was used as the loading control. f A model of the meiosis specific telomere fusion protection complex, with TRF1, Speedy A, and Cdk2 as the key players to protect telomeres from fusion.