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. 2018 Jun 5;8:8652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26984-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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GM-CSF neutralization reduces inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways. WT mice were untreated or pre-treated with anti GM-CSF neutralizing antibody (Clone B2.6, 200 µg per mouse i.p.) 1 hour prior to LPS exposure (1 µg/mouse i.n.). Neutrophils (A), monocytes (B) and lymphocytes (C) recruitment were quantified in the BAL fluid after 24 h. The lung levels of CXCL1 (D), TNFα (E), IL-1β (F), Myeloperoxidase activity (G) and BAL levels of MMP9 (H) and TIMP1 (I) were measured. Lungs tissue was fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde and HE staining is shown with a scoring of inflammatory cell recruitment and emphysema (J). Data are from two independent experiments (n = 4–9 mice per group) and are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons are presented between groups as indicated. ****p < 0.0001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.