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. 2018 Jun 5;8:8652. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26984-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of GM-CSF blockade on granuloma integrity and bacterial burden. WT (A) or TNFα^−/− mice (B) infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv received either GM-CSF neutralizing MAB or IgG2b isotype control on day 14 and 21 post-infection, as in Fig. 3. Lungs from infected mice were fixed, and HE (Left panels) and ZN (Middle panels) staining performed at day 26 for TNFα^−/− mice and day 32 for WT mice post-infection. Black arrows point to acid-alcohol resistant bacilli. A scoring of cell infiltration and necrosis is shown (Right panels). The number of granuloma per mm² and surface of granulomatous lesions (expressed as %) were quantified on digitalized sections. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (n = 4–5 mice per group). Statistically significant comparisons are presented. *p < 0.05.