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. 2018 Jun 5;8:8637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26882-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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NNMT overexpression induces genes involved in FFA uptake, VLDL secretion, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. Total RNA samples, isolated from the livers of NMMT Tg mice (black bars) and WT littermates (white bars) on an HFD with NAM for 7 months, were analysed using real-time RT-PCR. The amounts of each mRNA related to hepatic lipid metabolism (A), tissue inflammatory responses (B), and tissue fibrosis (C) were measured and normalised to β-actin mRNA levels. The values shown are the means ± SEM (n = 3–6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus WT mice. Abbreviations: NAM, nicotinamide; NNMT, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase; HFD, high fat diet; Tg, transgenic; WT, wild type; FFA, free fatty acid; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; MTP, microsomal triglyceride-transfer protein; SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; G6Pase, glucose-6 phosphatase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-α; TGFβ1, transforming growth factor β1; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; COL, collagen.