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. 2018 Jun 5;8:8637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26882-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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NNMT overexpression alters nicotinic acid metabolites and affects Sirt3/PGC-1α target genes. (A) Nicotinic acid metabolites in the livers of NMMT Tg mice (black bars) and WT littermates (white bars) on an HFD with NAM for 7 months. The data represent the means ± SEM (n = 5–6 animals/group). (B) Relative mRNA expression levels in the livers of Tg mice (black bars) and WT mice (white bars) on an HFD with NAM. (n = 5–6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus WT mice. (C) Sirt1 protein expression levels in the livers of Tg mice and WT mice on an HFD with NAM for 7 months. (D) Sirt3 activity in livers of Tg mice (black bars) and WT mice (white bars) on an HFD with NAM for 7 months. (n = 5–6 per group). *P < 0.05 versus WT mice. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels in the livers of Tg mice (black bars) and WT mice (white bars) on an HFD with NAM. (n = 5–6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus WT mice. Full-length blots/gels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 6. Abbreviations: NAM, nicotinamide; MNA, 1-methylnicotinamide; NNO, nicotinamide-N-oxide; 2PY, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide; 4PY, N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide; NMN, nicotinamide mononucleotide; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; HFD, high fat diet; Tg, transgenic; WT, wild type; sirt, sirtuin; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α; Acox1, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1; MCAD, medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; LCAD, very long chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A.