Figure 5.

Deregulated cellular immune response to S. ratti infection in IL-9R^−/− mice. WT (open symbols) and IL-9R^−/− (closed symbols) mice on BALB/c (squares) or C57BL/6 (circles) background were s.c. infected with 2000 S. ratti L3i. Mice were sacrificed at day 6 p.i. and MLN cells were prepared. 1 × 10⁶ MLN cells derived from infected or naïve (rectangles) mice were stimulated in 96-well plates in triplicates in the presence of (a–e, g) S. ratti antigen lysate (20 µg/mL) or (f,h) anti-CD3 (1 µg/mL) for 72 h at 37 °C. Concentration of IL-13 (a), IL-10 (b), IL-4 (c), IL-17 (d), IL-9 (e), IFN-γ (f) and IL-2 (h) in the culture supernatants were quantified by ELISA. Shown are combined results from 2 (day 6 S. ratti-infected) or 1 (naïve mice) independent experiments n ≥ 4 per group, time point, and experiment. Each symbol represents an individual mouse, the lines show the mean and asterisks indicate statistical significant differences of the mean between WT and IL-9R^−/− mice (^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01, Students t-test).