Table 2.
Main results from structural equations modeling: standardized coefficients of smoking and pulmonary parameters on ageing parameters.
| Model 1* | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking (PY) | FEV1, % | KCO, % | Smoking (PY) | FEV1, % | KCO, % | Smoking (PY) | Pulmonary factor | |
| Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | Std. coeff. | |
| Muskuloskeletal factor | NS | 0.162 | 0.270 | NS | 0.209 | 0.256 | NS | −0.263 |
| Glomerular flow rate, mL/min | 0.15 | NS | 0.113 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.165 |
| HOMA-IR | NS | −0.122 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 0.187 |
| Pulse-wave velocity, m/s | NS | −0.157 | −0.144 | NS | −0.244 | NS | NS | 0.285 |
| Telomere length (T/S) ratio | NS | 0.254 | NS | NS | 0.273 | NS | −0.189 | NS |
| WBC count, Giga/l | 0.288 | −0.199 | NS | 0.183 | −0.144 | NS | NS | 0.529 |
| CRP, mg/l | 0.173 | −0.295 | NS | 0.141 | −0.315 | NS | NS | 0.528 |
| Cytokines factor | NS | −0.278 | NS | NS | −0.275 | NS | NS | 0.449 |
| Goodness of fit indices | ||||||||
| RMSEA (90% CI) | 0.050 (0.039; 0.061) | 0.043 (0.027; 0.058) | 0.057 (0.047; 0.067) | |||||
| CFI | 0.942 | 0.950 | 0.922 | |||||
| TLI | 0.922 | 0.936 | 0.900 | |||||
*Models 1, 2 and 3 are illustrated in Fig. 1, Supplemental Figs 1 and 2, respectively.
All models adjusted on age and gender.
Definition of abbreviations: NS, statistically not significant at the p < 0.05 level; Std. Coeff, Standardized regression coefficient; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CI: confidence interval; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; T/S, ratio of telomere-repeat copy number over single-gene copy number, WBC, white blood cells.