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. 2018 Jun 5;8:8640. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26856-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ethanol increases CCL5 expression. (a) Immunohistochemical analysis of CCL5 protein expression in ever alcohol consumption and never alcohol consumption patients tumor tissues (n = 97) (bar: 100 μm). CCL5 indicates brown stain, the former displayed higher levels of CCL5 in both the tumors and the adjacent non-tumor tissues of drinkers. (b) Quantitatinve analysis of CCL5 was determined by mean optical density. (c) Colorectal cancer cells were exposed to alcohol ((200 mg/ml) for indicated time and conditioned medium were collected and assayed for secreted CCL5 by ELISA. Each data point was the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments and presented relative to the control. *P < 0.05, 1, ^#P > 0.05.