Table 1.
Characteristics of tuberculosis patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary locations in Texas, USA, 2009–2015
| Variable | Total | Exclusively PTB | Exclusively EPTB | EPTB with PTB | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 9160 | 7007 | 1259 | 894 | |
| Age (years) | <0.01 | ||||
| 0–4 | 395 (4.3) | 297 (4.2) | 63 (5.0) | 35 (3.9) | |
| 5–14 | 213 (2.3) | 146 (2.1) | 43 (3.4) | 24 (2.7) | |
| 15–24 | 1048 (11.4) | 808 (11.5) | 129 (10.2) | 111 (12.4) | |
| 25–44 | 3054 (33.3) | 2245 (32.1) | 498 (39.6) | 311 (34.8) | |
| 45–64 | 3015 (33.0) | 2403 (34.3) | 361 (28.7) | 251 (28.1) | |
| ≥65 | 1435 (15.7) | 1108 (15.8) | 165 (13.1) | 162 (18.1) | |
| Gender | <0.01 | ||||
| Male | 5954 (65.0) | 4684 (66.8) | 697 (55.4) | 573 (64.1) | |
| Female | 3206 (35.0) | 2323 (33.2) | 562 (45.6) | 321 (35.9) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.01 | ||||
| White | 1103 (12.0) | 911 (13.0) | 108 (8.6) | 84 (9.4) | |
| Black | 1717 (18.7) | 1254 (17.9) | 262 (20.8) | 201 (22.5) | |
| Asian | 1517 (16.6) | 1052 (15.0) | 297 (23.6) | 168 (18.8) | |
| Hispanic | 4771 (52.1) | 3752 (53.6) | 587 (46.6) | 432 (48.3) | |
| Other | 52 (0.6) | 38 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 9 (1.0) | |
| HIV status | <0.01 | ||||
| Negative | 7128 (77.8) | 5518 (78.7) | 959 (76.2) | 651 (72.9) | |
| Positive | 608 (6.7) | 409 (5.9) | 77 (6.1) | 122 (13.6) | |
| Not offered | 1424 (15.5) | 1080 (15.4) | 223 (17.7) | 121 (13.5) | |
| Homeless | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 8682 (94.8) | 6600 (94.2) | 1229 (97.6) | 853 (95.4) | |
| Yes | 478 (5.2) | 407 (5.8) | 30 (2.4) | 41 (4.6) | |
| History of TB contacta | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 8417 (91.9) | 6373 (91.0) | 1212 (96.3) | 832 (93.1) | |
| Yes | 743 (8.1) | 634 (9.0) | 47 (3.7) | 62 (6.9) | |
| Excessive alcoholb | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 7494 (81.8) | 5633 (80.4) | 1138 (90.4) | 723 (80.9) | |
| Yes | 1666 (18.2) | 1374 (19.6) | 121 (9.6) | 171 (19.1) | |
| Injecting drug use | 0.03 | ||||
| No | 8930 (97.5) | 6819 (97.3) | 1241 (98.6) | 870 (97.3) | |
| Yes | 230 (2.5) | 188 (2.7) | 18 (1.4) | 24 (2.7) | |
| Non-injecting drug use | |||||
| No | 8263 (90.2) | 6257 (89.3) | 1202 (95.5) | 804 (89.9) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 897 (9.8) | 750 (10.7) | 57 (4.5) | 90 (10.1) | |
| Origin | 0.01 | ||||
| US born | 4108 (44.8) | 3188 (45.5) | 515 (40.9) | 405 (45.3) | |
| Foreign born | 5052 (55.2) | 3819 (54.5) | 744 (59.1) | 489 (54.7) | |
| Diabetes | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 7800 (85.2) | 5883 (84.0) | 1122 (89.1) | 795 (88.9) | |
| Yes | 1360 (14.8) | 1124 (16.0) | 137 (10.9) | 99 (11.1) | |
| End-stage renal disease | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 9024 (98.5) | 6935 (99.0) | 1230 (97.7) | 859 (96.1) | |
| Yes | 136 (1.5) | 72 (1.0) | 29 (2.3) | 35 (3.9) | |
| Immunosuppression | 0.01 | ||||
| No | 8936 (97.6) | 6854 (97.8) | 1217 (96.7) | 865 (96.8) | |
| Yes | 224 (2.4) | 153 (2.2) | 42 (3.3) | 29 (3.2) | |
| Previous TB | 0.08 | ||||
| No | 8819 (96.3) | 6733 (96.1) | 1226 (97.4) | 860 (96.2) | |
| Yes | 341 (3.7) | 274 (3.9) | 33 (2.6) | 34 (3.8) | |
| Inmate of a correctional facility | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 8210 (89.6) | 6161 (87.9) | 1192 (94.7) | 857 (95.9) | |
| Yes | 950 (10.4) | 846 (2.1) | 67 (5.3) | 37 (4.1) | |
| Resident of long-term care facility | 0.56 | ||||
| No | 9046 (98.8) | 6921 (98.8) | 1240 (98.5) | 885 (99.0) | |
| Yes | 114 (1.2) | 86 (1.2) | 19 (1.5) | 9 (1.0) | |
| Specimen smear | <0.01 | ||||
| Negative | 4097 (44.7) | 2832 (40.4) | 707 (56.2) | 558 (62.4) | |
| Positive | 3585 (39.1) | 3423 (48.9) | 5 (0.4) | 157 (17.6) | |
| Not done/Unknown | 1478 (16.1) | 752 (10.7) | 547 (43.4) | 179 (20.0) | |
| Specimen culture | <0.01 | ||||
| Negative | 2449 (26.7) | 1462 (20.9) | 669 (53.1) | 318 (35.6) | |
| Positive | 5185 (56.6) | 4782 (68.2) | 17 (1.4) | 386 (43.2) | |
| Not done/Unknown | 1526 (16.7) | 763 (10.9) | 573 (45.5) | 190 (21.3) | |
| Chest radiography | <0.01 | ||||
| Abnormal | 7694 (84.0) | 6485 (92.6) | 448 (35.6) | 761 (85.1) | |
| Normal | 1024 (11.2) | 233 (3.3) | 700 (55.6) | 91 (10.2) | |
| Not done/Unknown | 442 (4.8) | 289 (4.1) | 111 (8.8) | 42 (4.7) | |
| Radiographic cavity | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 5140 (56.1) | 4031 (57.5) | 437 (34.7) | 672 (75.2) | |
| Yes | 2540 (27.7) | 2441 (34.8) | 11 (0.9) | 88 (9.8) | |
| Unknown | 1480 (16.2) | 535 (7.7) | 811 (64.4) | 134 (15.0) | |
| DST profile | 0.11 | ||||
| None to RIF/INH | 6183 (67.5) | 4902 (70.0) | 684 (54.3) | 597 (66.8) | |
| RIF or INH | 512 (5.6) | 420 (6.0) | 44 (3.5) | 48 (5.4) | |
| MDR | 69 (0.7) | 63 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | |
| XDR | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unavailable | 2394 (26.1) | 1620 (23.1) | 526 (41.8) | 248 (27.7) | |
| Global Mtb Lineage | <0.01 | ||||
| Indo-Oceanic L1 | 634 (6.9) | 483 (6.9) | 93 (7.4) | 58 (6.5) | |
| East Asian L2 | 1121 (12.2) | 918 (13.1) | 98 (7.8) | 105 (11.7) | |
| East African-Indian L3 | 174 (1.9) | 115 (1.6) | 37 (2.9) | 22 (2.5) | |
| Euro-American L4 | 4344 (47.4) | 3569 (50.9) | 376 (29.9) | 399 (44.6) | |
| M. bovis | 105 (1.1) | 52 (0.8) | 36 (2.9) | 17 (1.9) | |
| Other | 28 (0.3) | 12 (0.2) | 8 (0.6) | 8 (0.9) | |
| Unknown | 2754 (30.2) | 1858 (26.5) | 611 (48.5) | 285 (31.9) | |
| Death at time of diagnosis | 0.04 | ||||
| No | 8964 (97.9) | 6870 (98.0) | 1220 (96.9) | 874 (97.8) | |
| Yes | 196 (2.1) | 137 (2.0) | 39 (3.1) | 20 (2.2) | |
| Death during TB treatment | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 8610 (94.0) | 6592 (94.1) | 1209 (96.0) | 809 (90.5) | |
| Yes | 551 (6.0) | 416 (5.9) | 50 (4.0) | 85 (9.5) | |
PTB pulmonary tuberculosis, EPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, RIF rifampin, INH isoniazid, MDR multidrug resistant, XDR extensively drug resistant. Differences across groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate
aPatients with a history of contact with a known TB index case within 2 years
bExcessive alcohol use within the past 12 months