Table 3.
Risk factors associated with subsites of exclusively extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared to pulmonary tuberculosis in Texas, USA, 2009–2015
| Characteristics | Pleural (n = 198) | Lymphatic (n = 407) | Bone (n = 154) | Genitourinary (n = 65) | Peritoneal (n = 71) | Meningeal (n = 94) | Others (n = 212) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Age (≥45 years) | 1.04 (0.76–1.40) | 0.56 (0.44–0.71) | 1.47 (1.04–2.08) | 1.00 (0.60–1.68) | 1.06 (0.64–1.74) | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) |
| Gender (female) | 0.91 (0.67–1.25) | 2.04 (1.66–2.51) | 0.69 (0.48–0.99) | 1.44 (0.87–2.40) | 1.96 (1.20–3.21) | 1.22 (0.79–1.88) | 1.39 (1.05–1.86) |
| Ethnicity (White) | 0.73 (0.46–1.14) | 0.47 (0.29–0.77) | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 1.26 (0.50–3.22) | 0.62 (0.23–1.63) | 0.82 (0.39–1.72) | 0.77 (0.45–1.30) |
| Homeless | 0.90 (0.48–1.68) | 0.29 (0.09–0.92) | 0.54 (0.19–1.50) | 0.47 (0.06–3.57) | 0.69 (0.16–2.95) | 0.38 (0.09–1.63) | 0.72 (0.29–1.82) |
| Excessive alcohola | 1.17 (0.80–1.71) | 0.38 (0.23–0.63) | 0.42 (0.23–0.75) | 0.82 (0.35–1.90) | 1.50 (0.77–2.95) | 0.54 (0.26–1.14) | 0.30 (0.16–0.57) |
| Injecting drug use | 0.91 (0.35–2.34) | 0.63 (0.15–2.68) | 0.87 (0.20–3.79) | 5.26 (1.10–25.36) | 0.80 (0.10–6.36) | 2.20 (0.60–8.05) | 0.84 (0.20–3.62) |
| Non-injecting drug use | 0.82 (0.49–1.38) | 0.37 (0.18–0.74) | 0.70 (0.33–1.53) | 0.12 (0.02–1.05) | 0.58 (0.19–1.76) | 0.39 (0.14–1.07) | 0.58 (0.27–1.24) |
| Diabetes | 0.68 (0.43–1.07) | 0.35 (0.23–0.54) | 0.92 (0.60–1.42) | 0.54 (0.24–1.22) | 0.71 (0.35–1.44) | 0.51 (0.23–1.13) | 0.84 (0.56–1.26) |
| HIVb | 0.62 (0.30–1.28) | 1.20 (0.74–1.95) | 0.54 (0.19–1.50) | 0.64 (0.15–2.66) | 1.13 (0.40–3.17) | 5.73 (3.43–9.56) | 1.52 (0.86–2.68) |
| Immunosuppression | 0.80 (0.28–2.23) | 0.88 (0.41–1.90) | 2.54 (1.30–4.97) | 1.57 (0.36–6.78) | 2.29 (0.77–6.85) | 1.79 (0.62–5.12) | 0.95 (0.38–2.38) |
| ESRD | 2.74 (1.06–7.10) | 2.96 (1.28–6.87) | 4.05 (1.82–8.98) | 1.72 (0.22–13.32) | 3.56 (1.01–12.56) | – | 1.40 (0.43–4.61) |
| Foreign born | 1.77 (1.31–2.41) | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.98 (0.68–1.40) | 0.37 (0.19–0.70) | 0.70 (0.41–1.18) | 0.97 (0.62–1.51) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) |
| Previous TB | 0.27 (0.07–1.10) | 0.80 (0.43–1.49) | 1.37 (0.63–2.98) | 1.20 (0.37–3.89) | 0.37 (0.05–2.70) | 0.76 (0.24–2.43) | 0.52 (0.20–1.43) |
aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ESRD end-stage renal disease
Analysis excluded subjects with multiple subsite involvement (n = 57) and laryngeal sites (n = 3)
aExcessive alcohol use within the past 12 months
bHIV unknown categorized as negative
Significant odds ratios (p<0.005) are in bold