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. 2018 May 30;9:1202. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01202

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Copyright © 2018 Zhou, Huang, Zhu, Sun, Liu, Cheng, Li, Liu, He and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) expression decreased in rd1 mice. (A,B) Real time PCR (A) and western blot (B) results revealed that the expression of AAT decreased in retina from rd1 mice compared with C57 controls at P14. ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed unpaired t-test). (C). There were some cells co-staining with AAT (red) and IBA1 (green) in C57-retina, whereas lack of AAT was observed in the retina from rd1 mice at P14. (D) Immunofluorescence on retinal section showed that AAT was mainly distributed in the inner nuclear layer in C57 mice, while the rd1 mice lacked AAT expression. (E,F) In retinal whole mounts, expression of AAT was decreased as the disease progressed from P4 to P20 in rd1 mice, whereas C57 mice presented stable expression of AAT during the same time. Of note, AAT was co-labeled mostly with CD68 (E) and CD11b (F), also markers for microglia in the retina, slightly with Brn3a⁺ retinal ganglion cell (F), but not with GFAP⁺ astrocytes/Müller cells (E). Scare bar, 50 µm.