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. 2018 May 30;9:1202. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01202

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Copyright © 2018 Zhou, Huang, Zhu, Sun, Liu, Cheng, Li, Liu, He and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) modulated IRF4/8 activation and phosphorylation of STAT1 in vivo and in vitro. (A,B) Western blot revealed that in AAT-treated retina of rd1 mice, the IRF8 expression significantly decreased while the expression of IRF4 increased slightly. Moreover, the STAT1 signaling was suppressed after AAT supplement. (C,D) In vitro, hydrogen peroxide stimulation upregulated the expression level of IRF8 and promoted phosphorylation of STAT1 in the primary cultured microglia, while AAT treatment reversed the expression trend with decreased IRF8 and STAT1 and increased IRF4. n = 3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed unpaired t-test).