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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2018 Feb 21;52:66–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.001

Figure 1. Mechanism of nuclear envelope rupture.

Figure 1

(a) Nuclear envelope rupture in cultured cancer cells occurs as a result of defects in nuclear lamina organization that give rise to gaps in the lamina meshwork. Confinement by actin bundles increases stress on the nuclear membrane and results in chromatin herniation and rupture of the nuclear membranes. After rupture, the nuclear membrane is resealed. Nuclear lamina defects and increased membrane stress are also associated with NE rupture in laminopathy mutations (not pictured) (b) increased actomyosin contractility, (c) cell migration through narrow channels, and (d) chromatin bridge resolution. In contrast, NE rupture in (e) micronucleus disruption requires nuclear lamina defects, but the role of membrane stress is unknown.