Figure 1. Disparities in wVitA titers are established through a maternal genetic effect.

(A) wVitA densities in female pupae from parental N. vitripennis 12.1 and N. giraulti IntG, and their reciprocal F1 hybrids. (B) wVitA densities in F2 pupae from F1 females backcrossed to their paternal line. For each cross, genotype (male x female) is followed by cytotype in brackets (V = N. vitripennis, G = N. giraulti, number = estimated proportion of genotype). For the circle diagrams, the inner circle represents the expected percentage of the nuclear genome that is of N. vitripennis (red) or N. giraulti (cream) origin. Green circles represent wVitA load (not drawn to scale). Error bars represent mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05, post-hoc Dunn’s test.