Table 3.
Associations between increases (per SD) in amino acid levels after 1 year with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes; the PREDIMED trial, 2003-2010
| Overall | MedDiet + EVOO | MedDiet + nuts | Control group | p for interactiona | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| SDb | HR per SDc (95% CI) | SDb | HR per SDc (95% CI) | SDb | HR per SDc (95% CI) | SDb | HR per SDc (95% CI) | ||
| Subcohort /cases | 541d/158 | 176/48 | 200/52 | 165/58 | |||||
| Amino acids | |||||||||
| Leucine | 24.0 | 1.17 (0.94, 1.45) | 25.2 | 1.15 (0.71, 1.87) | 24.9 | 1.33 (0.84, 2.10) | 21.5 | 1.59 (0.99, 2.57) | <0.001 |
| Isoleucine | 12.3 | 1.27 (1.03, 1.57) | 12.7 | 1.48 (0.93, 2.35) | 12.8 | 1.15 (0.72, 1.83) | 11.1 | 1.75 (1.11, 2.76) | 0.002 |
| Valine | 35.9 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.38) | 36.3 | 0.78 (0.48, 1.26) | 36.9 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.03) | 34.3 | 1.53 (0.98, 2.37) | <0.001 |
| Phenylalanine | 7.1 | 1.03 (0.85, 1.26) | 7.5 | 0.89 (0.56, 1.42) | 7.0 | 1.14 (0.72, 1.79) | 6.6 | 1.17 (0.80, 1.72) | 0.045 |
| Tyrosine | 15.9 | 1.19 (0.97, 1.45) | 15.3 | 0.91 (0.61, 1.37) | 18.9 | 2.01 (1.11, 3.66) | 12.5 | 1.11 (0.74, 1.66) | 0.173 |
| BCAA score | 68.7 | 1.18 (0.95, 1.47) | 70.5 | 1.01 (0.61, 1.69) | 71.0 | 1.13 (0.84, 2.03) | 63.5 | 1.61 (1.02, 2.54) | <0.001 |
| AAA score | 19.6 | 1.08 (0.89, 1.30) | 19.5 | 0.92 (0.59, 1.42) | 22.8 | 1.26 (0.79, 2.01) | 15.8 | 1.17 (0.80, 1.72) | 0.045 |
p for interaction with two interaction terms (2 degrees of freedom): BCAA score (cont.) × MedDiet+EVOO and BCAA score (cont.) × MedDiet+nuts
SD of changes at 1 year were calculated based on the of the absolute values of the individual metabolites (μmol/l)
An inverse normal transformation was applied to raw values. Model adjusted for metabolite (or score) level at baseline, age (years), sex (male, female), intervention group (MedDiet+EVOO, MedDiet+nuts), BMI (kg/m2), smoking (never/current/former), leisure-time physical activity (MET-min/day), dyslipidaemia, hypertension, baseline fasting glucose (mean + quadratic term of centred mean) and stratified by recruitment centre
36 cases were included in the randomly selected subcohort