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The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-stimulated porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). PAMs were stimulated with ΔrfaD-LOS, ΔrfaF-LOS and WT-LOS (5 and 10 µg/ml) for 6, 12 and 24 hr. The levels of IL-1α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), IL-8 (D) and TNF-α (E) mRNAs were measured by qRT-PCR. The values presented are mean ± SD of three independent experiments, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *P<0.05; **P<0.001 compared to WT-LOS-treated PAMs.
