Fig. 2.

Both ΔrfaD-lipooligosaccharide (ΔrfaD-LOS) and ΔrfaF-LOS resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of p65 and p38 during NF-κB and MAPK signaling in PAMs. PAMs were stimulated with ΔrfaD-LOS, ΔrfaF-LOS, and WT-LOS (5 and 10 µg/ml) for 6 and 12 hr. Western blot analyses of p65, phospho-p65, IκBα, p38 and phospho-p38 were performed (A). Western blot of the above-mentioned proteins and quantifications of p65 (B), phospho-p65 (C), IκBα (D), p38 (E) and phospho-p38 (F). GAPDH was used as a loading control. Bar graphs show the relative protein expression quantified from three separate experiments. The values presented are mean ± SD, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *P<0.05 compared to WT-LOS-treated PAMs.