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. 2018 Jun 6;8:8680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27008-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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HIV-1 Tat disturbs mitotic spindle formation in Jurkat cells. (A) A representative figure of the mitotic spindle defect in Lenti-Tat-transduced Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were transduced with the control virus or Lenti-Tat and immunostained with antibodies against Tat and α-tubulin 3 days after infection. Control, n = 189; Tat, n = 220 from three independent experiments. (B) Mitotic defects in Jurkat cells. The percentage of cells showing mitotic spindle formation defects and misaligned chromosomes is plotted. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by an unpaired t test. Control, n = 189; Tat, n = 220; P < 0.0001. (C) Localization of RPS3 in the mitotic spindle in the presence of Tat. Lenti-Tat-infected Jurkat cells were immunostained with antibodies against Tat and RPS3 at 3 days after infection. RPS3 was displaced from the mitotic spindle pole, and an aberrant spindle was formed. Control, n = 44; Tat, n = 132. Experiments were repeated two times.