Table 2.

Studies involving both right and left-sided anastomoses

Author	Year	No. of patients	Overall leak rate (n)	Risk factor identified
Kockerling et al[82]	1999	894	4.2% (38)	Rectal resection
				Malignant disease
				Anastomotic level < 10 cm from the anal verge
Senagore et al[80]	2003	260	2.7% (7)	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
Kirchhoff et al[83]	2008	1316	27.7% (59)	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
				Male gender
				Malignant neoplasia
Akiyoshi et al[79]	2011	1194	1.0% (12)	BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
				Rectal tumor location
Ris et al[90]	2018	504	2.4% (12)	No use of indocyanine green

BMI: Body mass index.