Table 3.

Binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with pulmonary complications

Characteristic	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Crude OR	95% CI	p-value	Adjusted OR	95% CI	p-value
Age	1.02	[0.99–1.03]	0.07	1.02	[0.99–1.05]	0.19
Male Gender	1.37	[0.95–1.97]	0.09	1.15	[0.73–1.82]	0.53
Active smoker	1.48	[1.01–2.17]	0.043	1.16	[0.72–1.85]	0.54
Pack Years (per year)	1.01	[1.00–1.02]	0.006	1.01	[0.96–1.01]	0.35
FEV1 (per % predicted)	0.97	[0.96–0.98]	< 0.001	0.97	0.96–0.98	< 0.001
DLCO (per % predicted)	0.99	[0.98–0.99]	0.006	1.00	[0.99–1.01]	0.60
Zubrod Score
0–1	Reference
2–5	1.46	[0.73–2.93]	0.28
BMI
20–30	Reference
< 20	1.61	[0.85–3.07]	0.14
> 30	0.89	[0.59–1.34]	0.58
Steroid use	0.98	[0.35–2.76]	0.97
Coronary artery disease	2.22	[1.51–3.14]	< 0.001	1.40	[0.87–2.23]	0.16
Peripheral vascular disease	2.69	[1.50–4.82]	0.001	1.99	[1.03–3.86]	0.042
Prior cardiothoracic surgery	1.67	[1.07–2.62]	0.026	1.62	[0.93–2.82]	0.088
Preoperative chemotherapy	1.53	[0.76–3.08]	0.24
Preoperative radiation therapy	1.29	[0.64–2.62]	0.48
Diabetes	1.23	[0.78–1.96]	0.37
Last Cr > 1.5	1.87	[0.82–4.25]	0.14
Last Hgb < 10	1.25	[0.52–2.85]	0.65
COPD	2.42	[1.67–3.49]	< 0.001	1.62	[0.96–2.69]	0.052
Approach
Open	Reference			Reference
Robotic	0.56	[0.39–0.81]	0.002	0.54	[0.34–0.85]	0.008