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. 2018 Apr 25;9:883. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00883

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Copyright © 2018 Sharma and Rudra.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Emerging evidences highlight a compulsory requirement of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in tissue regeneration and repair. (A) Both lungs and muscles contain population of Tregs which proliferate vigorously upon tissue injury. Lung reparative Tregs respond to both inflammatory IL18 and alarmin IL33 and produce amphiregulin in a TCR-independent manner. Muscle Tregs respond to IL33 produced upon muscle damage and produce amphiregulin for subsequent repair. (B) In zebrafish, mammalian Foxp3 ortholog Foxp3a expressing Tregs (zTregs) are primarily present in kidney. However, upon tissue injury, they soon accumulate at the site of the injury. Apart from anti-inflammatory IL10 production, zTregs co-localize with organ progenitor cells and provide tissue-specific growth factors to progenitors like neurotrophin3 for neural progenitors in spinal cord, neuregulin1 for cardiomyocytes in heart, and insulin-like growth factor1 to Müller glial cells in retina.