Figure 3. Induction of protein CoAlation by metabolic stress.

Glucose depravation induces protein CoAlation in E. coli, B. megaterium and S. aureus, which is reversed by the re-addition of glucose. E. coli, B. megaterium and S. aureus were grown to mid-log phase in rich medium at 37°C and then transferred and cultured in the medium lacking glucose or any other source of carbohydrates for the indicated times. The cultures of glucose-starved bacteria were then supplemented with 20 mM glucose and incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Protein CoAlation in total protein extracts was examined by anti-CoA immunoblot.