Appendix Table 5.
Scenario | Incremental Lifetime Costs, $* | Incremental Life-Years | Incremental QALYs |
---|---|---|---|
Medication changes HbA1c level | |||
| |||
By 1.2% | −12 574 | −0.17 | 0.06 |
| |||
By 0.8% | −12 520 | −0.08 | 0.14 |
Medication increases hypoglycemic event rates | |||
| |||
By 20% more | −13 443 | −0.11 | 0.10 |
| |||
By 20% less | −13 376 | −0.09 | 0.10 |
Severe hypoglycemia increases health care use | |||
| |||
By 20% more | −13 983 | −0.16 | 0.06 |
| |||
By 20% less | −12 911 | −0.16 | 0.06 |
Costs of microvascular complications | |||
| |||
20% more | −12 993 | −0.13 | 0.07 |
| |||
20% less | −13 228 | −0.09 | 0.11 |
Costs of macrovascular complications | |||
| |||
20% more | −13 739 | −0.14 | 0.08 |
| |||
20% less | −13 443 | −0.10 | 0.11 |
Costs of hypoglycemic events | |||
| |||
20% more | −13 675 | −0.13 | 0.08 |
| |||
20% less | −13 182 | −0.10 | 0.10 |
Costs of diabetes medications | |||
| |||
20% more | −15 504 | −0.08 | 0.12 |
| |||
20% less | −10 084 | −0.12 | 0.09 |
Disutility due to microvascular complications | |||
| |||
20% more | −13 373 | −0.10 | 0.10 |
| |||
20% less | −13 404 | −0.08 | 0.04 |
Disutility due to macrovascular complications | |||
| |||
20% more | −13 560 | −0.11 | 0.11 |
| |||
20% less | −13 600 | −0.16 | 0.08 |
Disutility due to hypoglycemic events | |||
| |||
20% more | −13 295 | −0.10 | 0.10 |
| |||
20% less | −13 134 | −0.12 | 0.10 |
Discount rate | |||
| |||
1% annually | −13 826 | −0.12 | 0.09 |
| |||
5% annually | −12 563 | −0.09 | 0.11 |
Combination of utilities: additive method | Not applicable | Not applicable | 0.12 |
HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; QALY = quality-adjusted life-year.
Expressed in 2015 U.S. dollars. Negative values indicate cost savings from individualized vs. uniform intensive control.