Table 2.
Plants and their mode of action in ulcer treatment.
| Plant | Family | Dose applied (mg kg−1) | Mode of Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saussurealappa | Asteraceae | 200–400 | Cytoprotective effect | Sutar et al. [16] |
| Zizyphusoenoplia (L.) | Rhamnaceae | 300 | Increase in prostaglandin synthesis | Jadhav and Prasanna [17] |
| Zizyphus lotus (L.) | Lamiaceae | 50–200 | Cytoprotective agents | Wahida et al. [39] |
| Quassiaamara (L.) | Simaroubaceae | 4.9–48.9 | Increase in gastric barrier mucus and non-protein sulfhydril groups | Garcia-Barrantes and Badilla [29] |
| Cocusnucifera (L.) | Arecaceae | 100–200 | NA | Anosike and Obidoa [40] |
| Encholiriumspectabile | Bromeliaceae | 100 | Protection to gastric mucosa by activation of antioxidant systems and the involvement of prostaglandins and the NO synthase pathway | de Carvalho et al. [13] |
| Cissusquadrangularis (L.) | Vitaceae | 1000 | Protective effects | Shanthi et al. [41] |
| Gynuraprocumbens (Merr.) | Asteraceae | 400 | Protective effects | Mahmood et al. [42] |
| ZingiberOfficinale Roscoe | Zingiberaceae | 50–200 | Inhibition of ulcer index, prevented the oxidative damage of gastric mucosa by blocking lipid peroxidation, decrease in superoxide dismutase and increase in catalase activity | Arun et al. [15] |
| Butea frondosa (Roxb.) | Fabaceae | 250–500 | Gastroprotective activity | Londonkar and Ranirukmini, [18] |
| Parkiaplatycephala | Leguminosae | 62.5–250 | Gastroprotective activity, antioxidant effect through increase in catalase activity | Fernandes et al. [23] |
| Anacardiumhumile | Anacardiaceae | 50 | Protect gastric mucosa due to increased PGE2 and mucous production | Ferreira et al. [10] |
| Rhizophora mangle L. | Rhizophoraceae | 500 | Gastroprotective and antisecretory effects, in addition to increase in PGE2 levels | Sánchez et al. [32] |
| Excoecariaagallocha L. | Euphorbiaceae | 62.5–125 | Decreases the acidity and increases the mucosal defense in the gastric areas | Thirunavukkarasu et al. [11] |
| Erythrinaindica L. | Fabaceae | 125–500 | NA | Sachin and Archana [43] |
| Glycyrrhizaglabra L | Fabaceae | 200 | Mucosal protective and antioxidant effects on the gastric mucosa | Ligha and Fawehinmi [24] |
| Virolasurinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Kuntze | Myristicaceae | 500 | Inhibited mucosal injury, reduced the formation of gastric lesions | Hiruma-Lima et al [44] |
| Combretumleprosum Mart. &Eiche | Combretaceae | Inhibition of the gastric acid secretion and an increase of mucosal defensive factors | Nunes et al. [45] | |
| Gymnosporiarothiana (Walp.) Wight &Arn. ex M.A.Lawson | Celastraceae | 250–500 | Increasing gastric mucosal defense (prostaglandin and free radical scavenging) | Jain and Surana [20] |
| Spathodea falcate | Bignoniaceae | 250–500 | Increasing gastric mucosal defense (prostaglandin and free radical scavenging) | Jain and Surana [46] |
| Terminalia chebula Retz. | Combretaceae | 250–500 | Inhibition of the gastric lesions due to its antisecretory | Raju et al. [26] |
| Matricariachamomilla L. | Asteraceae | 400 | NA | Karbalay-Doust and Noorafshan [30] |
| Morus alba L. (mulberry) | Moraaceae | 250–500 | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity | Abdulla et al. [47] |
| Camellia sinensis | Theaceae | 10 | Healing of gastric ulcer restoration of cellular antioxidant status | Chatterjee et al. [48] |
| Centaurea bruguier | Asteraceae | 100 and 42 | Preventive activity against peptic ulcer | Khanavi et al. [49] |
| Curcuma longa L. | Zingiberaceae | 20 | Antiulcerogenic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory | Mahattanadul et al. [50] |