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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Sep 12;45(12):2762–2774. doi: 10.1007/s10439-017-1920-7

Table 1.

Proposed updates to the optimal fibre lengths and tendon slack lengths to simulate pedalling, walking, and running.

Muscle Optimal fibre length (cm) Tendon slack length (cm)
Rajagopal et al.*† Refined Rajagopal et al.*† Refined
Gastrocnemius lateral head 5.9 ± 1.0 6.9 37.6 ± 1.1 37.4
Gastrocnemius medial head 5.1 ± 1.0 5.9 39.9 ± 1.1 38.7
Gluteus maximus (Superior) 14.7 ± 2.4 NC§ 4.9 ± 4.0 8.7
Gluteus maximus (Middle) 15.7 ± 2.6 NC 6.8 ± 4.4 10.9
Gluteus maximus (Inferior) 16.7 ± 2.7 NC 7.0 ± 4.9 10.3
Rectus femoris 7.6 ± 1.3 NC 44.9 ± 1.4 45
Semimembranosus 6.9 ± 1.8 8.6 34.8 ± 2.1 33.5
Soleus 4.4 ± 1.0 NC 27.7 ± 1.0 28.1
Vastus intermedius 9.9 ± 2.0 11.7 20.2 ± 2.3 20.5
Vastus lateralis 9.9 ± 1.8 11.7 22.1 ± 1.9 NC
Vastus medialis 9.7 ± 2.3 11 20.0 ± 2.8 20.8
Vastus lateralis 9.9 (1.8) 11.7 22.1 (1.9) 22.1
Vastus medialis 9.7 (2.3) 11 20.0 (2.8) 20.8
*

Mean parameters with their expected variation (± SD) as reported by Rajagopal et al.23

†

Values for the intermediate model are identical to those specified by Rajagopal et al.23

§

NC indicates that a value is not changed from that specified by Rajagopal et al.23