Table 1.

Participant characteristics

	Men				Women
	Mean	±	SD	n	Mean	±	SD	n
Age (years)	68.4	±	14.4	548	64.0	±	13.8	541
Race (black, %)	24.3			548	34.6			541
Body height (cm)	175.5	±	7.4	548	162.8	±	6.2	541
Body weight (kg)	84.5	±	14.7	548	71.0	±	14.6	541
Whole body fat mass (kg)a	25.5	±	9.6	520	28.8	±	10.6	516
ALM (kg)a	25.1	±	3.9	520	17.0	±	3.3	516
400 m walk (s)	258.8	±	60.4	315	272.4	±	54.9	270
2.5 min walk (m)	186.1	±	30.1	312	182.9	±	30.0	259
6 m fast (m/s)	1.80	±	0.46	405	1.70	±	0.35	385
6 m usual (m/s)	1.12	±	0.27	409	1.14	±	0.25	386
HABCPPB (/4 points)	2.78	±	0.73	398	2.87	±	0.63	382
CS5pace (times/s)	0.49	±	0.20	406	0.50	±	0.17	388
CS10pace (times/s)	0.46	±	0.18	405	0.46	±	0.15	385
SPPB (0–12 points)	11.1	±	1.9	395	11.3	±	1.6	385
Isometric peak torque (Nm)b	171.1	±	56.9	548	117.9	±	37.3	541
Concentric, isokinetic peak torque at 30 deg/s (Nm)	148.7	±	55.5	460	102.2	±	35.2	472
Peak RTD (Nm/s)b	886.1	±	476.2	548	511.8	±	285.4	541

ALM, appendicular lean mass; CS5pace, the timed chair stands per second for five stands; CS10pace, the timed chair stands per second for 10 stands; HABCPPB, health ABC physical performance battery; RTD, rate of torque development; SD, standard deviation; SPPB, short physical performance battery; 2.5 min walk, the distance covered by 2.5 min walk at usual pace; 400 m walk, time to complete 400 m walk at fast pace; 6 m fast, gait speed at fast pace in 6 m; 6 m usual, gait speed at usual pace in 6 m.

^ameasured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry.

^bmeasured by using an isokinetic dynamometer.

Assessment of 400 m walk started from April 2007. The 2.5 min walk started from July 2007. The 6 m gait tests, SPPB, and CS tests started from January 2006. HABCPPB started from January 2006.