Table 4.

Relationships between inspiratory muscle strength and physical fitness in men with HFrEF

Dependent variable reflecting physical fitness	Relationship with MIP (cm H2O)
	Adjustment: ALM/BMI	Adjustment: ALM/BMI, NYHA class	Adjustment: ALM/BMI, eGFR	Adjustment: ALM/BMI, haemoglobin concentration	Adjustment: ALM/BMI, NT‐proBNP (ln)	Adjustment: NYHA class, eGFR, haemoglobin concentration and NT‐proBNP (ln)
‘Up and go’ test (s)	−0.37**	−0.35*	−0.27*	—	−0.33*	−0.38**
‘Chair stand’ test ‐ 30 s (repetitions)	—	—	—	—	—	—
‘Arm curl’ test (repetitions)	0.41**	0.36*	0.36*	0.33*	0.33*	0.32**
2‐min step test (steps)	0.43**	0.42**	0.41**	0.31*	0.40**	0.42**

Data are presented as standardized regression coefficients β (multivariable analyses). Abbreviations: HFrEF, heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction; MIP, maximal inspiratory pressure; ALM/BMI, appendicular lean mass/body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; ln, natural logarithm. For details, see the ‘Methods’ section.

^*  P < 0.05,

^**  P < 0.01,

^***  P < 0.001.