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Illustration of the FRET-based pH biosensor. (a) The chemical structure of the FRET-based dye. A derivative of TO is linked to the pH-dependent Cy5 analogue. (b) The fluorescence emission spectra of the FAP-bound dye in citrate/phosphate buffer at various pH values. Upon excitation at λ=488 nm, energy transfer from the donor (TO) to the acceptor (Cy5 analogue) depends on the pH value. Adapted with permission from Ref. 54. Copyright (2012) Wiley-VCH.
