Table 2.

Gene expression patterns of primary and metastatic lesions in patients and in vivo with distant metastatic u‐LMS

	Functions	References
Overexpressed gene at primary lesion site
Osteocrin (OSTN)	Muscle metabolism	Davidson et al43
Neuroligin4X (NLGN4X) and Neuroligin1 (NLGN1)	Neural development, angiogenesis and tumor growth	Davidson et al43
SLITRK4 encodes the Slitrk protein	An integral membrane protein similar to Trk tyrosine kinase receptors Slitrk is primarily involved in nervous system development.	Davidson et al43
TSPAN7 (CD231)	The expression of tetraspanins, a family of transmembrane adhesion molecules including integrins, claudin‐1 and EGFR	Davidson et al43
Overexpressed genes in metastatic lesions
TSPAN10 (metastatic site)	The expression of tetraspanins, a family of transmembrane adhesion molecules, including integrins, claudin‐1 and EGFR	Davidson et al43
FOLR3 and SHMT1	Folate metabolism	Davidson et al43
TDO2	The expression of tryptophan conversion enzyme	Davidson et al43
TNNT1	The expression of skeletal muscle protein	Davidson et al43 Kawabe et al11
Early growth response 2 (EGR2)	Neural development and has been reported to be involved in the prognosis of Ewing's sarcoma,	Davidson et al43
SGK1	A factor involved in the activation of ion channels for the transport of K, Na and cellular signal transduction of serine/threonine kinases.	Davidson et al43
Gas 6 and Tyro 3	Gas 6 is a gene product expressed when cell growth arrest occurs. It is involved in various biological activities, such as the promotion of cell proliferation, chemotaxis or cell adhesion factors as a common ligand of Tyro 3 receptor protein tyrosine kinase, Axl and Mer.	el Sayadi et al44
COL1A2	A genetic maker involved in aggressive malignancy	Kawabe et al11
Low expression gene in highly metastatic lesions
ZIC1	A transcription factor gene that induces cell‐cycle arrest/apoptosis and inhibits cell migration/invasion by blockade of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways	Kawabe et al11

u‐LMS, uterine leiomyosarcoma.